The care needs of turmeric plants depend on the region and growth stage. Most varieties need full sun, but some are fine with indirect sun or partial shade — especially in southern regions where peak summer heat can scorch the plant. Water turmeric moderately in the early stages when the moisture absorption rate is low. Once the rhizomes sprout, you can increase watering, but don’t let the soil get soggy.

If turmeric is well-cared for, the only serious potential pest issues are slugs and snails. Too-dry soil can attract spider mites, while too-wet soil can cause various forms of rot. Use appropriate control methods and treatments if any of these issues appear.

Because of its 8-10 month harvest cycle, starting turmeric plants indoors is a must in northern areas and highly recommended elsewhere. Turmeric is propagated from existing organic rhizomes (aka stems). Smaller rhizomes can be left intact while larger rhizomes are cut into 1-2-inch pieces with 2-3 growth buds each. Soak the pieces in room-temperature water for 24 hours, then plant them two inches deep with the buds facing up. Use seed-starting mix or all-purpose potting soil that you keep moist. Add heating mats and/or grow lights if needed to maintain warm, well-lit conditions.

It is safe to plant turmeric in the ground when the soil temperature is regularly above 55 degrees. Whether starting indoors or outdoors, you should plant turmeric in the late winter or early spring. For the final location, plants should be 3-4 feet apart. In southern areas, pick a spot that has morning sun and afternoon shade.

Container growing is the best option in USDA growing zones seven and lower since you can bring them indoors during the winter. Use large pots or grow bags filled with all-purpose potting mix. Re-pot them or replace the potting soil every 1-2 years, doing so in late winter.

Rich, well-draining soil will lead to flavorful, nutrient-dense turmeric rhizomes. To achieve this, add compost or other organic matter during planting, then use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer once a month for in-ground plants and every 2-3 weeks for container plants. Follow the product instructions and do soil testing to determine if you need to increase or decrease the frequency. Along with compost, bone meal, rotted manure, and fish emulsions are good organic fertilizers.

With proper winterization, turmeric is a perennial plant that will bring you many bountiful years. Turmeric goes dormant in the winter, so reduce watering and fertilization, and cut off the top part of the plant to conserve energy. Use frost blankets and/or mulch for insulation if nighttime temperatures fall below 50 degrees. In cooler regions, in-ground turmeric should be dug up before the first fall frost and stored in peat moss.

The only pruning turmeric needs is to snip away brown or damaged leaves with a clean, sharp knife or shears. You can remove faded flowers to maximize new growth and improve the appearance, but it’s not a requirement.

You can harvest turmeric rhizomes when the leaves start to dry out and turn yellow. Carefully dig up rhizomes using your hands or a garden fork. Leave at least a few whole or partial rhizomes in the ground if you’re overwintering.