This Southern staple can also be grown on the West Coast, in the Midwest and even in some New England areas with the right care. They thrive in rich, well-draining and slightly acidic soil with full sun. However, partial shade is acceptable in the hottest areas to protect against afternoon scalding. Give them at least one inch of water a week. Mulching will retain moisture and warmth while keeping the growing area clean.

As a cabbage family member, collard greens attract the same pests and diseases. The plant’s tough leaves make it more hardy than regular cabbage. Still, use insecticides and organic oils to guard against aphids, cabbage worms, flea beetles and other invaders. Rotating crop locations will mitigate the risk of diseases like club root and blackleg.

Northern growers should start collard greens indoors to extend the growing season. It also allows for succession planting in the South. Plant the seeds about a quarter-inch deep in trays filled with seed-starting mix. Water them often enough for the soil to stay moist. Collard green seedlings are ready to transplant when they develop their first set of true leaves. This means starting the seeds 3-4 weeks before the last frost.

For outdoor planting, wait until the final spring frost is past. Sow the seeds a half-inch deep in groups of 3-4, spacing the groups about a foot apart and the rows 2-3 feet apart. After the seeds germinate, keep the largest seedling in each group and transplant or discard the rest. Most varieties grow 2-3 feet tall, but Portuguese collard greens can double this.

Container growing and raised beds are excellent for patios, balconies or even indoor gardening. For a single collard green plant, get a well-draining pot that is at least 18 inches wide and plenty deep. Use all-purpose or vegetable potting mix.

Both in-ground and container collard greens should be fertilized every 4-6 weeks. Apply a slow-release fertilizer as a side dressing. Use compost, rotted manure or a balanced fertilizer for initial planting, then switch to a high-nitrogen fertilizer for leaf growth. Collard greens may also need a calcium boost. Keep fertilizer at least four inches away from the stem. Do a soil test to see if you need amendments or more frequent feeding.

Collard greens are a biennial that will produce a second year of harvesting before going to seed. They are the most cold-resistant plant in the cabbage family, and protection such as cold frames, row covers and mulch lets you harvest into the winter. In growing zones 8-11, you can plant collard greens in the fall and grow them as normal.

Collard greens do not need separate pruning. Regular harvesting will stimulate new growth, giving you a steady supply for cooking or salads. This also controls the size and shape.

These plants usually mature in 55-75 days. Most gardeners cut leaves as needed, since the greens become bitter over time. Wait until the leaves are firm and smooth, then use a knife or sharp scissors. You can cut the entire plant at the base for a large dish; if it’s young, the crown usually resprouts.